Purnima is the Sanskrit word for the day of a full moon.
What makes purnima special?
In most Sanatan Dharma cultures (and other religions/cultures), purnima is a very auspicious day celebrated with many festivals. Some examples are Kartik Poornima, Buddha Poornima and Guru Purnima to name a few.
Scientifically, on this day, the moon has a slightly stronger effect on the earth. This causes even the oceans tides to rise and fall according to the movement of the moon.
According to the Puranas, this effects the human body as well. Fasting is highly recommended and reduced intake of liquids. Doing so increases the life potential within the body. This means aiding in detoxification, illnesses and reduce tamas.
This article intends to break down the structure of all Hindu scriptures. There is a definitive structure which most who consider themselves educated in Sanatan Dharma do not know and this article intends to draw the lines (where applicable) to help anyone understand.
Though some meanings and interpretations may defer, the underline knowledge, sources and revelations contained within these scriptures must be preserved so as to not taint Sanatan Dharma with frozen in time, dogma based, or blind believe.
What this means is that the information contained within these scriptures are firstly core principles and values or truths which are constant while some information is intended to be adapted and applied according to the present time.
That being said, it is of utmost importance that those that follow Sanatan Dharma take the time to read some of the scriptures they deem important in their lives AND seek commentary or guidance from gurus/pundits/swamis on what you have read. We try our best to make this material available for you to download for free in English.
Realization dawns upon the mind that actively seeks to remove their ignorance with effort.
The Veda’s
History
For thousands of years sages and rishis used to recite and pass down knowledge orally and then around 12 000 – 6 000 BCE according to great yogis and scholars (possibly older), the son of the writer, sage Parashara, Krishna Dvaipayana, wrote and compiled The Veda’s. This makes it the oldest known scripture. It is worth mentioning that though it was written at this time, the information contained within them were realized for possibly thousands of years before that.
Krishna Dvaipayana was given the title of Veda Vyasa for his divine work.
Veda translates to knowledge and Vyasa to compiler in Sanskrit.
The day Guru Purnima is dedicated to Krishna Dvaipayana for bringing to light this ancient knowledge.
Content of The Veda’s
The Veda’s have no author or messiah and originates from God as heard or perceived by great rishis and sages. The Veda’s are therefore referred to as Shruti which means “as heard” in Sanskrit.
Apaurusheya meaning “not man made” from English to Sanskrit, also describes the information in the Veda’s. As opposed to created knowledge made by man like survival tools, linguistics tools, sensory tools and even modern-day tools like economics, politics and so on.
In other words, The Veda’s contain perceived knowledge that were realized by sages and rishis through deep meditation and elevated consciousness.
The Veda’s are classified into 4 sections:
The Rig Veda
The Yajur Veda
The Sama Veda
The Atharva Veda
The Rig Veda
This is the oldest of the 4 Veda’s and contains Sanskrit hymns and mantras which praise the properties of the various natural elements and forces. This knowledge was realized by sages and rishis whose oneness, deep observation and meditation began to amplify their understanding of the world around them.
The Yajur Veda
Yajur meaning ritual or practice in Sanskrit contains knowledge about rituals and practices for the conducive to one’s well-being in the form of mantras and verses. Instructions about the different ceremonies and acts normally performed by Hindus can be found in the Yajur Veda. It also shares some hymns with the Rig Veda as there are some overlapping knowledge.
The Sama Veda
The Sama Veda is a collection of melodies and chants. Sometimes this Veda is referred to the Book of Songs or Veda of Chants. Sama meaning a gentle song in Sanskrit compliments the Rig Veda in that it puts a melodic tune to the realized knowledge in the Rig Veda. This Veda also emphasises the power of sound in the form of music and chanting.
The Atharva Veda
This Veda is unique and has less in common with all the other Veda’s. Atharvan, meaning priest is how this Veda’s name was derived. It contains directions, mantras, chants, and prayers to handle life on a more physical level. Dealing with physical ailments, discomforts, yoga, tantra and breathing techniques are just some of the realized knowledge that can be found in the Atharva Veda.
Deeper into the Contents of The Veda’s
Each of the above-mentioned Veda can be further classified into Samhita, Brahmana, Aranyaka and Upanishads.
Samhita
These are the oldest part of the Veda’s comprising of mantras and hymns. Samhita translates to compilation from Sanskrit as this part of the Veda’s are a collection of realized knowledge.
Brahmana
Later followed commentaries by brahmins and priests on the Samhita. The meanings, sacrifices, rituals, and melodies where extrapolated to form the Brahmanas. They form a core part of the Veda’s to explain the mantras and hymns.
Aranyaka
This is the latter part of the Brahmanas but can be identified separately for the purpose of classification. Aranyaka meaning “the forest” from Sanskrit is knowledge that is intended for those that seek a deeper understanding through intensive practices, mainly hermits and students that have removed themselves from society to live in the forest, hence the name. Those that are uninitiated or not in the right stage of their life could find this content harmful.
It is worth noting that not all mantras and hymns have respective Aranyaka’s though all mantras and hymns do have Brahmanas.
Upanishads
Upanishads are the latest part of the Veda’s that focuses strongly on the philosophical and spiritual interpretations. Upanishads roughly translate to “site near” or “sit next to” in reference to a student sitting next to a guru. It is also be referred to Vedanta which means “end of the Veda’s”.
The Upanishads contain knowledge about the essence of life, the nature of things, creation and destruction of the universe, and views about brahma (God or Paramathma) and the atman.
Karma Kanda and Jnana Kanda
These 2 parts are not a separate section but rather another way of classifying the Brahmana’s and Upanishads. These can also be considered pathways one can take in life but following one or the other or both. Karma Kanda (path of action) refers to the portion of the content related to yajna’s, action and ritualistic portions of the Veda’s.
While Jnana Kanda (path of knowledge) refers to the self-realization or spiritual realization through self-enquiry, practice, and study. Both these paths of life are not independent roads on which one travels but can be simultaneously or individually pursued.
The Purana’s
Introduction
The Puranas are post-Vedic text or written after the Veda’s. Each Purana has multiple authors and many unknown authors as many text have been lost due to various reasons. Purana, the Sanskrit word means “of ancient times” and its purpose was to convey the realized universal knowledge of great sages to all others. This came in the form intriguing stories of history, folk lore, legends, and myths.
The Purana’s therefore is a smriti which means “that which is remembered” or “to remember” and formed by the human mind as opposed to shruti which is heard and comes from the divine. Shruti, being the more authoritative of the two can be thought of as the root of smriti knowledge in Purana’s.
Contents of the Puranas
The Puranas are a reflection of the Veda’s in the form of great epics and stories understood by masses who would otherwise not seek the knowledge of the Veda’s directly.
There are 18 Maha Purana’s (major) which are considered the most important Purana’s. Upapurana’s are less authoritative and referred to as minor Purana’s.
Maha Purana’s (19 Maha Purana’s)
During research of vast amount of text and sources, most state that there are 18 Maha Purana’s (Major) while all other Purana’s are Upa Purana’s (minor). By taking all of the different lists, 16 Maha Purana’s where common in all and 3 where mixed (either Major or Minor).
It is also important to note the following facts about each Purana:
Different scholars may include or exclude certain text from each Purana. This has been the case for hundreds of years.
Over the centuries, scholars/sages have also added to the Purana’s.
There where much more content within the Puranas which have been lost due mainly to Arab and British invasions. Texts have also been lost due to the lack of reproduction of text out of secrecy and fear and eventually lost.
All Puranic texts are smriti (manifested from the human mind).
From all existing Puranic texts that exist today, there are multiple interpretations of each.
Given all of the above, the Puranic text remain an invaluable source of knowledge for every person.
3 Maha or Upa Purana’s
These three Purana’s have been classified as Maha or Upa Purana depending on your source.
Bhavishya Purana (भविष्यपुराण):
Alternative Name: Bhavishyat Purana
English Translation: The Purana of Future Events
Description: An intriguing text predicting future events and emphasizing righteous conduct (dharma). It explores cosmology, mythology, and the cycles of time, providing insights into the unfolding of destiny.
Brahmanda Purana (ब्रह्माण्डपुराण):
Alternative Name: Brahmanda Puranam
English Translation: The Purana of the Cosmic Egg
Description: A vast Purana delving into the creation of the universe, cosmology, genealogies of deities and sages, and various legends. It explores the profound mysteries of existence.
Vayu Purana (वायुपुराण):
Alternative Name: Vayaviya Purana
English Translation: The Purana of the Wind God
Description: Devoted to Lord Shiva, it covers topics related to the wind, including cosmogony, mythology, and various legends associated with the divine force of Vayu.
16 Maha Purana’s
During research from numerous sources, all of these Purana’s have been classified as Maha Purana’s.
Agni Purana (अग्निपुराण):
Alternative Name: Agneya Purana
English Translation: The Purana of Fire
Description: Dedicated to Lord Agni, the god of fire, this Purana encompasses cosmology, rituals, and a wide array of knowledge, including sections on medicine, astronomy, and grammar.
Bhagavata Purana (भागवतपुराण):
Alternative Name: Srimad Bhagavatam
English Translation: The Purana of the Supreme Personality (Worship of Lord Vishnu)
Description: A devotional masterpiece narrating the life and teachings of Lord Krishna. It emphasizes the path of Bhakti (devotion) and explores profound philosophical concepts.
Brahma Purana (ब्रह्मपुराण):
Alternative Name: Adi Purana (The Beginning)
English Translation: The Ancient Purana of Brahma (the Absolute)
Description: Focused on Lord Brahma, the creator deity, it covers the creation of the world and universe, genealogies, and various legends. It plays a significant role in the cosmological understanding of Hinduism.
Brahmavaivarta Purana (ब्रह्मावैवर्तपुराण):
Alternative Name: Brahmakaivarta Purana
English Translation: The Purana of Lord Krishna (of Brahma)
Description: Centres around Lord Krishna and his incarnations. Explores cosmology, rituals, and the importance of devotion, blending mythology and spiritual teachings.
Garuda Purana (गरुड़पुराण):
Alternative Name: Garuda Puranam
English Translation: The Purana of Garuda (Great Bird, Eternal Carrier and Devotee of Vishnu)
Description: A dialogue between Lord Vishnu and Garuda, it covers topics such as cosmology, rituals, the nature of the soul, and the journey after death, providing guidance on righteous living.
Kurma Purana (कूर्मपुराण):
Alternative Name: Kurma Puranam (Second Incarnation, Tortoise)
English Translation: The Purana of the Tortoise Incarnation
Description: Describes Lord Kurma and elaborates on cosmology, detailing the cycles of creation, and various aspects of time.
Linga Purana (लिंगपुराण):
Alternative Name: Shiva Purana
English Translation: The Purana of the Cosmic Linga (or cosmic egg-shape symbol of Lord Shiva)
Description: Primarily centred around Lord Shiva, it covers the significance of the Linga, rituals, cosmology, and mythological stories associated with Shiva.
Markandeya Purana (मार्कण्डेयपुराण):
Alternative Name: Markandeya Puranam
English Translation: The Purana of Sage Markandeya
Description: Narrated by Sage Markandeya, it covers diverse topics, including cosmology, mythology, moral teachings, and the nature of reality, providing a sage’s perspective on existence.
Matsya Purana (मत्स्यपुराण):
Alternative Name: Matsya Puranam (a Fish)
English Translation: The Purana of the Fish Incarnation (First Incarnation of Lord Vishnu)
Description: Focuses on Lord Matsya, the fish incarnation of Lord Vishnu, and narrates cosmology, mythology, and moral lessons through various allegorical stories.
Narada Purana (नारदपुराण):
Alternative Name: Naradiya Purana
English Translation: The Purana of Sage Narada
Description: A dialogue between Sage Narada and Sanatkumara, covering diverse topics such as cosmology, mythology, and the duties of life.
Padma Purana (पद्मपुराण):
Alternative Name: Patala Khanda
English Translation: The Purana of the Lotus
Description: A vast compilation covering a wide range of topics, including cosmology, mythology, legends, and discussions on Dharma (righteous conduct).
Shiva Purana (शिवपुराण):
Alternative Name: Shiva Mahapuranam
English Translation: The Purana of Lord Shiva
Description: Devoted to Lord Shiva, it explores cosmology, mythology, rituals, and the essence of Shiva’s various forms and manifestations.
Skanda Purana (स्कन्दपुराण):
Alternative Name: Kartikeya Purana
English Translation: The Purana of Lord Skanda
Description: Narrates the stories of Lord Kartikeya, providing geographical information, cosmology, and insights into the worship of Skanda.
Vamana Purana (वामनपुराण):
Alternative Name: Vamana Puranam
English Translation: The Purana of the Dwarf Incarnation
Description: Focuses on Lord Vamana, exploring cosmology, mythology, and legends associated with the dwarf incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
Varaha Purana (वराहपुराण):
Alternative Name: Varaha Puranam
English Translation: The Purana of the Boar Incarnation
Description: Explores the legend of Lord Varaha, the boar incarnation of Lord Vishnu, and delves into cosmogony and various aspects of creation.
Vishnu Purana (विष्णुपुराण):
Alternative Name: Puranaratna
English Translation: The Purana of Vishnu
Description: Centres around Lord Vishnu, covering creation, cosmology, and the genealogies of deities and sages, providing a foundational text in Hindu cosmogony.
Itahasas
These texts where created roughly in the same time period as the Purana’s. Itahasa means “so it was” or “thus it happened” which points to the nature of this text being events of the past or history rather then pure fiction. Regardless of the standpoint of the reader, everyone agrees that the principles and lessons learned are invaluable.
The two most well known Itahasa’s are the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Ramayana:
Alternative Names: Ramavataram, Ramakien (in Thailand)
English Translation: “The Journey of Rama”
Description: Attributed to the sage Valmiki, the Ramayana narrates the life of Prince Rama, his exile, the abduction of his wife Sita by the demon king Ravana, and Rama’s quest to rescue her. The epic explores themes of dharma (righteousness), devotion, and the triumph of good over evil.
Mahabharata:
Alternative Names: Bharata, Vyasa Bharata
English Translation: “The Great Story of the Bharatas”
Description: Authored by the sage Vyasa, the Mahabharata is not just an epic but a vast compendium that includes the Bhagavad Gita, a sacred dialogue between Prince Arjuna and Lord Krishna. The main narrative centres around the Kurukshetra War between the Pandavas and Kauravas, exploring themes of duty, righteousness, and the complexities of human nature.
Sources
We’d like to thank the following sources for most of the information in this article.
The literal translation of Upanishads is “to sit near” or “to sit next to”. This is in relation to a student sitting next to his or her teacher. The Upanishads form part of the most revered text in Sanatan Dharma, the Vedas. It is the latest and latter part of the Vedas and hence also known as Vedanta, “the end of the Vedas”.
It contains a culmination of philosophical thought, the nature of oneself and the nature of things. The text can also be classified as shruti, meaning “that which is heard” or information that has been revealed to ancient sages and gurus by God. The primary goal of this text is to help one achieve Moksha(liberation, enlightenment, or spiritual bliss) through spiritual knowledge.
History of the Upanishads
The Upanishads seeks to provide a higher spiritual point of view of the Samhita text. Over the millennia, specifically recent centuries many, if not most Upanishads have been lost of destroyed. Because each Upanishad relates to certain parts of the rest of the Vedas, as well as mentions of the Upanishads in all other text, we can deduce there where approximately 1000 Upanishads of which only about 108 have survived.
Given the importance and authority of the Upanishads to Sanatan Dharma, more recent text have been created and labelled as Upanishads (when they are not) so it is important to understand the Upanishads in context of the overall Vedas.
List of 108 Upanishads
The below list shows the 108 most important Upanishads along with the Veda or Samhita and classification. This list may vary slightly depending on the scholar.
Description: The Aitareya Upanishad, associated with the Rigveda, explores the nature of the self and the universe. It delves into the relationship between the individual (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman), providing profound insights into the nature of existence.
Brihadaranyaka Upanishad:
Description: This Upanishad is one of the largest and most important. It discusses the nature of Brahman, the self, and the interconnectedness of all things. It’s renowned for its deep philosophical discussions and is a cornerstone in Vedantic thought.
Chandogya Upanishad:
Description: Chandogya Upanishad, part of the Sama Veda, is known for its teachings on meditation, rituals, and the significance of OM. It explores the connection between the individual soul and the cosmic reality, emphasizing the importance of knowledge and meditation.
Isha Upanishad:
Description: The Isha Upanishad is unique for its emphasis on living a balanced life. It encourages spiritual awareness alongside active participation in the material world. It introduces the concept of “Isha,” the all-pervading divine, and stresses the importance of detachment.
Katha Upanishad:
Description: Katha Upanishad, derived from the Yajurveda, tells the story of a young seeker, Nachiketa, who learns about life, death, and the eternal truths from Lord Yama. It delves into the nature of the self, the impermanence of the material world, and the path to self-realization.
Kena Upanishad:
Description: Kena Upanishad explores the nature of Brahman and the pursuit of knowledge. It emphasizes that the ultimate reality cannot be comprehended through ordinary perception and intellect, but only through a higher, intuitive understanding.
Mandukya Upanishad:
Description: This Upanishad is short but profound, focusing on the significance of the sacred syllable “OM” and the states of consciousness—waking, dreaming, and deep sleep. It’s a key text in understanding the nature of reality and the self.
Mundaka Upanishad:
Description: Mundaka Upanishad, associated with the Atharvaveda, distinguishes between knowledge that leads to worldly prosperity and knowledge that leads to spiritual wisdom. It delineates the path to higher knowledge and the realization of the ultimate truth.
Prasna Upanishad:
Description: Prasna Upanishad consists of six philosophical questions posed by seekers to the sage Pippalada. It addresses fundamental inquiries about the nature of the self, the origin of the universe, and the path to self-realization through meditation and knowledge.
Taittiriya Upanishad:
Description: Taittiriya Upanishad, part of the Yajurveda, is known for its detailed exploration of various aspects of spiritual knowledge, rituals, and meditation. It imparts wisdom on the cosmic principles, the importance of self-discipline, and the pursuit of knowledge.
Adhyatma Upanishad:
Description: Adhyatma Upanishad focuses on the essence of the individual self (Atman) and its connection to the universal reality. It explores the nature of consciousness and the path to self-realization through meditation and knowledge.
Akshi Upanishad:
Description: Akshi Upanishad deals with the significance of the eye (Akshi) as a metaphor for perception and knowledge. It explores the inner vision, emphasizing the importance of spiritual insight and understanding beyond the physical senses.
Annapurna Upanishad:
Description: Annapurna Upanishad extols the divine aspect of nourishment and abundance, symbolized by Goddess Annapurna. It explores the spiritual significance of food, gratitude, and the interconnectedness of the material and spiritual aspects of life.
Atma Upanishad:
Description: Atma Upanishad delves into the nature of the self (Atman) and its relationship with the ultimate reality (Brahman). It emphasizes the importance of self-realization and the unity of the individual soul with the cosmic soul.
Atmabodha Upanishad:
Description: Atmabodha Upanishad, attributed to Adi Shankaracharya, explores the knowledge of the self (Atman) and the path to self-realization. It provides practical guidance on how to attain spiritual wisdom and liberation.
Ekakshara Upanishad:
Description: Ekakshara Upanishad focuses on the sacred syllable “Om” and its profound significance in meditation and spiritual practice. It explores the symbolism of “Om” as the essence of the ultimate reality.
Garbha Upanishad:
Description: Garbha Upanishad explores the spiritual significance of the womb and the process of creation. It delves into the mysteries of existence, birth, and the divine essence within all living beings.
Kaushitaki Upanishad:
Description: Kaushitaki Upanishad is associated with the Rigveda and addresses various philosophical topics, including the nature of the self and the pursuit of knowledge. It emphasizes meditation and self-inquiry as means to attain spiritual realization.
Mahat Upanishad:
Description: Mahat Upanishad delves into the concept of “Mahat” or the cosmic intellect. It explores the principles of creation, the interplay of cosmic forces, and the relationship between the individual self and the universal consciousness.
Maitrayani Upanishad:
Description: Maitrayani Upanishad, associated with the Yajurveda, is a comprehensive text that covers a range of philosophical topics. It explores the nature of the self, the ultimate reality, and the path to self-realization through knowledge and meditation.
Mantrika Upanishad:
Description: Mantrika Upanishad emphasizes the transformative power of mantras (sacred chants) in spiritual practice. It explores the importance of sound vibrations in meditation and the connection between mantras and the divine.
Mudgala Upanishad:
Description: Mudgala Upanishad is dedicated to the teachings of Sage Mudgala. It explores the nature of the self, meditation, and the path to self-realization through devotion and spiritual practice.
Muktika Upanishad:
Description: Muktika Upanishad is known for its discussions on liberation (moksha) and the various paths leading to it. It provides guidance on spiritual practices and the realization of the ultimate reality.
Niralamba Upanishad:
Description: Niralamba Upanishad explores the concept of “Niralamba,” meaning the supportless or independent. It delves into the nature of the self, detachment, and the realization of the self as independent of external supports.
Paingala Upanishad:
Description: Paingala Upanishad is a dialogue between Sage Paingala and Lord Yama. It discusses the nature of the self, the impermanence of the body, and the path to liberation through self-realization.
Pranagnihotra Upanishad:
Description: Pranagnihotra Upanishad explores the significance of prana (life force) and the sacrificial fire. It delves into the spiritual practices involving the breath and the connection between the inner and outer rituals.
Sariraka Upanishad:
Description: Sariraka Upanishad discusses the nature of the physical body (sarira) and its connection to the divine. It explores the concept of the body as a temporary abode for the soul and the importance of spiritual knowledge.
Sarvasara Upanishad:
Description: Sarvasara Upanishad delves into the essence of all essences. It explores the nature of the self, the ultimate reality, and the path to self-realization through knowledge and meditation.
Savitri Upanishad:
Description: Savitri Upanishad focuses on the sacred Gayatri mantra and its spiritual significance. It explores the transformative power of the mantra in meditation and the realization of divine consciousness.
Skanda Upanishad:
Description: Skanda Upanishad is dedicated to Lord Skanda, the divine son of Shiva. It explores the nature of Skanda, the significance of worship, and the path to spiritual liberation through devotion.
Subala Upanishad:
Description: Subala Upanishad explores the nature of the self and the path to self-realization. It contains teachings on meditation, knowledge, and the realization of the ultimate reality.
Sukarahasya Upanishad:
Description: Sukarahasya Upanishad delves into the mystical and esoteric aspects of spiritual practice. It contains teachings on the inner secrets of meditation and the mysteries of the self.
Surya Upanishad:
Description: Surya Upanishad is dedicated to Lord Surya (the sun). It explores the spiritual significance of the sun, meditation on solar energy, and the connection between the external and internal aspects of light.
Svetasvatara Upanishad:
Description: Svetasvatara Upanishad is a major text that explores the nature of God (Brahman), the relationship between the individual self and the cosmic self, and the path to spiritual realization through meditation and knowledge.
Vajrasuchi Upanishad:
Description: Vajrasuchi Upanishad may contain teachings related to the “vajra” or diamond-like qualities of the self. It explores the indestructible nature of the self and the path to realization.
Akshamalika Upanishad:
Description: Akshamalika Upanishad might explore the symbolism and significance of the “akshamala” or rosary beads in spiritual practice. It could provide insights into the use of beads in meditation and mantra chanting.
Atharvashirsha Upanishad:
Description: Atharvashirsha Upanishad is a text that is often associated with the Atharvaveda. It contains teachings on the essence of the Atharva Veda, focusing on the divine nature of sound and its significance.
Atharvasikha Upanishad:
Description: Atharvasikha Upanishad may explore the teachings related to the Atharva Veda. It could delve into the mystical and esoteric aspects of spiritual knowledge found in the Atharva Veda.
Bhasmajabala Upanishad:
Description: Bhasmajabala Upanishad may explore the spiritual significance of “bhasma” or sacred ash. It could provide insights into the ritualistic and symbolic use of ash in spiritual practices.
Brahajjabala Upanishad:
Description: Brahajjabala Upanishad may explore the nature of the ultimate reality (Brahman) and the path to self-realization. It could delve into philosophical and metaphysical aspects of Hindu thought.
Dakshinamurti Upanishad:
Description: Dakshinamurti Upanishad is dedicated to Lord Dakshinamurti, a manifestation of Lord Shiva as the cosmic teacher. It contains profound teachings on the nature of the self, knowledge, and spiritual realization.
Ganapati Upanishad:
Description: Ganapati Upanishad is focused on Lord Ganesha, the remover of obstacles. It contains teachings on invoking the blessings of Ganesha for success in spiritual and worldly endeavors.
Jabali Upanishad:
Description: Jabali Upanishad might contain teachings attributed to the sage Jabali. It explores philosophical and spiritual aspects related to self-realization and the nature of existence.
Kaivalya Upanishad:
Description: Kaivalya Upanishad is renowned for its teachings on “Kaivalya,” or ultimate liberation. It may provide insights into the path of self-realization, the nature of the self, and the state of transcendence.
Kalagnirudra Upanishad:
Description: Kalagnirudra Upanishad may explore the symbolism and significance of Lord Rudra in the context of cosmic time (Kala). It could provide insights into the cosmic dance and the eternal nature of existence.
Panchabrahma Upanishad:
Description: Panchabrahma Upanishad might explore the nature of the five cosmic elements (Pancha Bhutas) and their connection to the divine. It could provide insights into the metaphysical aspects of creation.
Rudra Hridaya Upanishad:
Description: Rudra Hridaya Upanishad is associated with Lord Rudra (Shiva) and explores the teachings related to the heart of Rudra. It may delve into the spiritual significance of Rudra and the path to inner transformation.
Rudraksha Jabala Upanishad:
Description: Rudraksha Jabala Upanishad may explore the spiritual significance of Rudraksha beads. It could provide insights into the ritualistic and symbolic use of Rudraksha in spiritual practices.
Sarabha Upanishad:
Description: Sarabha Upanishad may explore the significance of the divine form of Sarabha, a manifestation of Lord Shiva. It could provide insights into the symbolism and spiritual teachings associated with Sarabha.
Bahvricha Upanishad:
Description: Bahvricha Upanishad may explore the teachings related to the Bahvricha Samhita. It could contain insights into rituals, meditations, and spiritual knowledge.
Bhavana Upanishad:
Description: Bhavana Upanishad might delve into the concept of “bhavana,” or contemplation. It could provide guidance on meditative practices and the cultivation of specific mental states for spiritual development.
Devi Upanishad:
Description: Devi Upanishad is dedicated to the worship and understanding of the divine feminine, the Goddess. It explores the nature of Devi, her manifestations, and the path of devotion to the Divine Mother.
Sarasvatirahasya Upanishad:
Description: Sarasvatirahasya Upanishad may contain hidden or esoteric teachings related to Goddess Saraswati. It could provide insights into the mystical aspects of knowledge, wisdom, and the arts.
Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad:
Description: Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad may focus on the worship and understanding of Goddess Lakshmi, particularly in the aspect of bestowing auspiciousness and good fortune. It could provide guidance on attracting prosperity.
Sita Upanishad:
Description: Sita Upanishad may be dedicated to Sita, the consort of Lord Rama. It explores the spiritual qualities embodied by Sita and the symbolism of her character in the epic Ramayana.
Tripura Upanishad:
Description: Tripura Upanishad may focus on the worship and understanding of the cosmic goddess Tripura Sundari, also known as Lalita. It explores the mystical aspects of the divine feminine.
Tripuratapini Upanishad:
Description: Tripuratapini Upanishad might delve into the spiritual significance of the goddess Tripuratapini. It could provide insights into the symbolism and practices associated with her worship.
Arunika Upanishad:
Description: Arunika Upanishad may contain teachings related to the mystical aspects of Aruna, often associated with the charioteer of the sun god. It explores the symbolism of the rising sun.
Avadhutaka Upanishad:
Description: Avadhutaka Upanishad may focus on the teachings of an “avadhuta,” an enlightened, free-spirited being. It could provide insights into the state of spiritual liberation and the path of self-realization.
Bhikshuka Upanishad:
Description: Bhikshuka Upanishad may explore the life and teachings of a wandering mendicant (bhikshu). It could provide insights into the renunciant lifestyle and the pursuit of spiritual knowledge.
Brahma Upanishad:
Description: Brahma Upanishad may focus on the teachings related to the concept of Brahma, the ultimate reality. It could delve into the nature of the absolute and the path to realizing the Brahman.
Jabala Upanishad:
Description: Jabala Upanishad might contain teachings attributed to the sage Jabala. It explores philosophical and spiritual aspects related to self-realization and the nature of existence.
Katharudra Upanishad:
Description: Katharudra Upanishad may be associated with Lord Rudra (Shiva) and could explore teachings related to the transformative and purifying aspects of Rudra. It delves into the nature of consciousness and divine energy.
Kundika Upanishad:
Description: Kundika Upanishad could provide insights into the significance of the vessel (kundika) in rituals and spiritual practices. It explores the symbolism and ritualistic use of vessels in Vedic traditions.
Maitreya Upanishad:
Description: Maitreya Upanishad might focus on the teachings imparted by Sage Maitreya. It explores aspects of wisdom, meditation, and the pursuit of self-realization.
Narada Parivrajaka Upanishad:
Description: Narada Parivrajaka Upanishad could be associated with the teachings of Sage Narada, known for his devotion and musical skills. It explores the role of devotion and the path of a wandering ascetic.
Nirvana Upanishad:
Description: Nirvana Upanishad may delve into the concept of Nirvana, the state of liberation. It could provide insights into the nature of the self, the path to freedom from the cycle of birth and death.
Parabrahma Upanishad:
Description: Parabrahma Upanishad may focus on the concept of Parabrahma, the supreme reality beyond Brahman. It explores the transcendental aspects of the ultimate truth.
Paramahamsa Upanishad:
Description: Paramahamsa Upanishad could explore the teachings related to the “Paramahamsa,” a term used to denote an enlightened and liberated being. It delves into the qualities and characteristics of such beings.
Paramahamsa Parivrajaka Upanishad:
Description: Paramahamsa Parivrajaka Upanishad may combine the themes of the Paramahamsa (enlightened being) and Parivrajaka (wandering ascetic). It explores the spiritual journey of a liberated sage who roams freely.
Sanyasa Upanishad:
Description: Sanyasa Upanishad may focus on the teachings related to the path of renunciation (Sanyasa). It explores the spiritual significance of renouncing worldly attachments and seeking the ultimate truth.
Satyayani Upanishad:
Description: Satyayani Upanishad might explore the teachings related to truth (Satya) and wisdom. It could delve into the nature of truth, righteousness, and the path to self-realization.
Turiyatita Upanishad:
Description: Turiyatita Upanishad could delve into the concept of “Turiyatita,” the transcendent state beyond the fourth state of consciousness (Turiya). It explores the nature of the absolute reality.
Yajnavalkya Upanishad:
Description: Yajnavalkya Upanishad may focus on the teachings imparted by Sage Yajnavalkya. It could cover a range of philosophical topics, including the nature of the self, knowledge, and the pursuit of spiritual wisdom.
Avyakta Upanishad:
Description: Avyakta Upanishad might explore the concept of the unmanifest or formless reality (Avyakta). It could delve into the nature of the absolute beyond the manifest world.
Dattatreya Upanishad:
Description: Dattatreya Upanishad may focus on the teachings related to Lord Dattatreya, a divine incarnation representing the unity of the Holy Trinity (Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva). It explores the path of devotion and knowledge.
Garuda Upanishad:
Description: Garuda Upanishad could be associated with the teachings related to Garuda, the mythical eagle and vehicle of Lord Vishnu. It explores the spiritual significance of Garuda and the path of devotion.
Gopalatapini Upanishad:
Description: Gopalatapini Upanishad may focus on the teachings related to Lord Krishna as Gopala, the divine cowherd. It explores the spiritual aspects of devotion and the path of love for the divine.
Hayagriva Upanishad:
Description: Hayagriva Upanishad may explore the significance of Lord Hayagriva, a divine incarnation of Lord Vishnu with a horse’s head. It delves into the symbolism and teachings associated with this form.
Kali Santarana Upanishad:
Description: Kali Santarana Upanishad may focus on the teachings related to the worship and salvation through Goddess Kali. It explores the spiritual practices associated with invoking the divine mother for liberation.
Krishna Upanishad:
Description: Krishna Upanishad may focus on the teachings related to Lord Krishna, one of the most revered deities in Hinduism. It explores the spiritual significance of Krishna’s teachings, actions, and divine nature.
Narayana Upanishad:
Description: Narayana Upanishad may explore the nature and teachings of Lord Narayana, a form of Lord Vishnu representing the cosmic aspect of the supreme reality. It delves into the philosophical aspects of devotion and cosmic order.
Nrisimha Tapini Upanishad:
Description: Nrisimha Tapini Upanishad could be associated with Lord Narasimha, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu with the form of a half-man, half-lion. It explores the significance of this fierce aspect of the divine and the path of devotion.
Rama Tapaniya Upanishad:
Description: Rama Tapaniya Upanishad may focus on the teachings related to Lord Rama, the seventh avatar of Lord Vishnu. It explores the spiritual significance of Rama’s life, virtues, and the path of dharma.
Ramarahasya Upanishad:
Description: Ramarahasya Upanishad might delve into the mysteries and secrets related to Lord Rama. It explores esoteric teachings and hidden aspects of spiritual knowledge associated with the Ramayana.
Tarasara Upanishad:
Description: Tarasara Upanishad may explore the essence or “sara” of the deity Tara. It provides insights into the worship and significance of the goddess Tara, often associated with forms of the divine feminine.
Tripad Vibhuti Mahanarayana Upanishad:
Description: Tripad Vibhuti Mahanarayana Upanishad might focus on the grandeur and glory of Lord Narayana, particularly in his cosmic form. It explores the transcendental aspects of the supreme reality.
Vasudeva Upanishad:
Description: Vasudeva Upanishad may focus on the teachings related to Lord Vasudeva, another name for Lord Krishna. It explores the spiritual significance of Vasudeva as the supreme reality and the path of devotion.
Advayataraka Upanishad:
Description: Advayataraka Upanishad may delve into the concept of non-duality (Advaita). It explores the nature of the absolute reality beyond distinctions and the path to realizing the oneness of the self.
Amritabindu Upanishad:
Description: Amritabindu Upanishad might focus on the significance of the “bindu” or the point of nectar. It explores the nature of meditation, concentration, and the pursuit of spiritual knowledge leading to immortality.
Amritanada Upanishad:
Description: Amritanada Upanishad may focus on the blissful experience of immortality (amrita). It explores the nature of divine nectar and the spiritual practices leading to eternal joy.
Brahmavidya Upanishad:
Description: Brahmavidya Upanishad might delve into the knowledge of Brahman, the ultimate reality. It explores the philosophical aspects of understanding the nature of the self and the cosmos.
Dhyanabindu Upanishad:
Description: Dhyanabindu Upanishad may focus on the practice of meditation (Dhyana) and the significance of the meditative point (Bindu). It provides insights into the meditative techniques for spiritual realization.
Hamsa Upanishad:
Description: Hamsa Upanishad may explore the symbolism and spiritual significance of the “Hamsa” or swan. It delves into the concept of the breath and the inner journey of the soul.
Jabala darsana Upanishad:
Description: Jabala darsana Upanishad might contain teachings attributed to the sage Jabala. It explores philosophical and spiritual aspects related to self-realization and the nature of existence.
Kshurika Upanishad:
Description: Kshurika Upanishad may focus on the symbolism of the knife (Kshurika) and its spiritual significance. It provides insights into the practices of cutting through illusions and realizing the truth.
Mahavakhya Upanishad:
Description: Mahavakhya Upanishad might explore the significance of the “Mahavakya” or great sayings that encapsulate profound truths. It delves into the teachings found in major Vedic statements about the nature of reality.
Mandala Brahmana Upanishad:
Description: Mandala Brahmana Upanishad may delve into the Brahmana portions of the Vedic texts, exploring the ritualistic and philosophical aspects found in these sections.
Nadabindu Upanishad:
Description: Nadabindu Upanishad may focus on the significance of sound (Nada) and the meditative practices involving sound vibrations. It provides insights into the transformative power of sound in meditation.
Pasupatabrahma Upanishad:
Description: Pasupatabrahma Upanishad may explore the teachings related to Lord Pashupati, a form of Lord Shiva. It delves into the philosophical and spiritual aspects associated with Shiva as the lord of all beings.
Sandilya Upanishad:
Description: Sandilya Upanishad might contain teachings attributed to Sage Sandilya. It explores philosophical and spiritual aspects related to self-realization and the nature of consciousness.
Tejobindu Upanishad:
Description: Tejobindu Upanishad may focus on the significance of the “Tejobindu” or the point of brilliance. It explores the nature of inner light and the spiritual practices leading to illumination.
Trisikhi Brahmana Upanishad:
Description: Trisikhi Brahmana Upanishad may delve into the Brahmana portions of the Vedic texts, exploring the ritualistic and philosophical aspects found in these sections.
Varaha Upanishad:
Description: Varaha Upanishad may focus on the teachings related to Lord Varaha, the boar incarnation of Lord Vishnu. It explores the spiritual significance of Varaha and the path of devotion.
Yoga Kundalini Upanishad:
Description: Yoga Kundalini Upanishad may explore the teachings related to Kundalini, the dormant spiritual energy within. It provides insight into the practices of awakening and channelling this energy for spiritual evolution.
Yoga Chudamani Upanishad:
Description: Yoga Chudamani Upanishad might focus on the concept of the “Chudamani” or the crest jewel of Yoga. It provides comprehensive teachings on various aspects of Yoga, including asanas, pranayama, and meditation.
Yoga Sikha Upanishad:
Description: Yoga Sikha Upanishad may explore the symbolism of the “Sikha” or flame and its connection to spiritual practices. It delves into the transformative power of fire and its significance in Yoga.
Yogatattva Upanishad:
Description: Yogatattva Upanishad may delve into the principles and truths of Yoga. It covers the philosophical foundations, practices, and the path to spiritual realization through the science of Yoga.
An individual’s spiritual journey is unique, and the various Upanishads provide different possibilities for one to achieve Moksha(liberation, enlightenment). Though it is the main goal, the knowledge can also be adapted for ones we general wellbeing.
Gita Jayanti, the celebration of wisdom encapsulated in the Bhagavad Gita! It’s observed on the day when Lord Krishna delivered the sacred scripture, the Bhagavad Gita, to Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra.
The Bhagavad Gita, often referred to as the Gita, is a conversation between Lord Krishna and Arjuna, taking place on the brink of the Kurukshetra War. It’s a philosophical and spiritual dialogue where Lord Krishna imparts profound teachings on duty, righteousness, and the path to self-realization.
Now, Gita Jayanti is observed on the Shukla Ekadashi of the Margashirsha month in the Hindu calendar, which usually falls in December. On this day, devotees read and recite verses from the Bhagavad Gita, attend satsangs (spiritual discourses), and participate in various activities that promote understanding and reflection on its teachings.
The significance lies in the timeless wisdom shared by Lord Krishna, addressing the moral and ethical dilemmas faced by Arjuna.
Though the Gita provides knowledge of dharma, guidance on leading a righteous life and the pursuit of spiritual knowledge, its ultimate purpose is helping one achieve Moksha (liberation or enlightenment).
On The Day
Reading and Recitation: Begin the day by reading and reciting verses from the Bhagavad Gita. You might choose specific chapters or verses that resonate with you or are relevant to your current life situations.
Satsang or Bhajan: Attend or organize a satsang (spiritual gathering) where devotees come together to discuss and reflect upon the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita. Singing devotional songs (bhajans) dedicated to Lord Krishna is also a beautiful way to express devotion.
Pooja and Arati: Perform a pooja (worship) dedicated to Lord Krishna. Offer flowers, incense, and food items as a symbol of your devotion. Conclude with the arati, a ritual of waving lit lamps before the deity.
Charity and Seva: In the spirit of selfless service emphasized in the Gita, you should engage in acts of charity or seva (service) on this day. It could be helping those in need, contributing to a cause, or volunteering your time. But most fulfilling is bringing the Gita to someone else’s life to enrich them spiritually.
Fasting: Devotees should observe a fast on Gita Jayanti as a form of spiritual discipline and cleanliness. If you are able, this day also falls on Ekadashi and those fasting disciplines should be practiced.
Reflect and Meditate: Take some quiet time for introspection and meditation. Contemplate the teachings of the Gita and how they can be applied to your daily life. It’s a day for personal growth and spiritual evolution.
It’s a beautiful celebration observed by Hindus, especially in the South Indian culture. Picture rows of oil lamps adorning homes, creating a warm and vibrant atmosphere. This is the what you will see in places that observe this auspicious occasion.
Kaarthigai Deepam is essentially the Festival of Lights, celebrated on the full moon day of the Kaarthigai month. It’s dedicated to Lord Shiva and is believed to commemorate the appearance of the divine light, or the “Deepam,” that emerged from Lord Shiva’s third eye.
People light lamps, decorate their homes, and offer prayers to Lord Shiva and his son, Lord Muruga. The bonfire, called “Mahadeepam,” is a central element, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness.
Observing Kaarthigai Deepam
Lighting the Lamp: Start the day by lighting traditional oil lamps or diyas in and around your home. You can place them on windowsills, balconies, or any visible spots.
Decorations: Deck out your home with colorful rangolis and festive decorations. It adds a cheerful vibe to the atmosphere.
Puja: Offer prayers to Lord Shiva and Lord Muruga. You can perform a special puja with flowers, fruits, and incense. If you have specific rituals or customs in your family, make sure to include them.
Bonfire Ritual: The lighting of the bonfire is a significant part. For practical reasons this may not be possible and that is fine. The first point of lighting a lamp is good enough.
Special Dishes: Prepare or share special veg dishes and sweets with family and friends.
Visit Temples: If there are any temples nearby, consider visiting them. Many temples host special events and ceremonies during Kaarthigai Deepam.
Community Involvement: Engage with your local community. Participate in events organized by neighbours or community groups. It’s a great way to share the joy of the occasion.
Remember, the essence lies in the spirit of unity and the symbolic victory of light over darkness.
The story behind the Kaarthigai Deepam
According to the legend, once Lord Brahma and Lord Vishnu were debating over who was superior. In an attempt to settle the dispute, Lord Shiva appeared as a massive column of light, challenging them to find his beginning and end. Brahma took the form of a swan and flew upwards, while Vishnu transformed into a boar and burrowed into the Earth.
After a long search, Brahma and Vishnu returned, unable to find the limits of Lord Shiva’s brilliance. Witnessing their humility, Lord Shiva manifested as the Arunachala hill and a divine light, the Deepam, emerged from his third eye.
In some versions, this light is considered a representation of Lord Muruga, the son of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. The divine light is believed to have taken the form of six babies and was later joined into one by Goddess Parvati, creating Muruga.
Kaarthigai Deepam symbolizes the triumph of light over darkness and knowledge over ignorance. The lighting of lamps represents the dispelling of negativity and the welcoming of positivity and auspiciousness into one’s life.
Makar Sankranti, celebrated annually on January 14th, marks the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn, or Makara in Sanskrit. It’s not just a date on the calendar it’s a celebration of nature, spirituality, and the profound connection between the two.
Origins and Significance: Rooted in ancient Indian traditions, Makar Sankranti holds a special place in the hearts of millions. It is a worship to Lord Surya, the Sun god. The occasion also signifies the end of the winter solstice and the onset of longer, warmer days—a transition symbolizing light, wisdom, and positivity. It’s a time to bid farewell to the chill and welcome the sun’s journey northward.
Rituals and Customs: Makar Sankranti isn’t just about the change in celestial movements, it’s a celebration of life, gratitude, and togetherness. Many people take a holy dip in sacred rivers like the Ganges, believing it purifies the soul. Flying kites is a popular tradition, symbolizing the freedom of the spirit and the triumph of light over darkness.
Though customs and traditions vary between north and south Bharat, the underline significance of the occasion is more than a mere “village festival”. It is a reminder that all life is connected in one way or the other and we are but recipients of the all providing universe. Through all the modern-day facets of life, we consciously observe our nature through this knowledge.
Thai Pongal, a harvest festival that fills the air with the aroma of freshly harvested crops! It’s a significant celebration for Tamil Hindus and is typically observed in the Tamil month of Thai, which falls in January.
The word “Pongal” translates to “boiling over” or “overflowing,” and the festival is named after the traditional dish prepared on this day. The main significance of Thai Pongal lies in expressing gratitude to the Sun God, Surya, for a bountiful harvest and the abundance of crops.
Classic Sweet Pongal Recipe
The below recipe may vary slightly according to the region and your preferences.
Raw rice – 1 cup
Split yellow moong dal – 1/4 cup
Jaggery – 1 cup (adjust according to taste)
Milk – 2 cups
Water – 2 cups
Ghee (clarified butter) – 2-3 tablespoons
Cashews and raisins – a handful
Cardamom powder – 1/2 teaspoon
Edible camphor (optional) – a pinch
Grated coconut – 2 tablespoons (optional)
Instructions:
Wash and Soak: Rinse the rice and moong dal together. Soak them in water for about 15-20 minutes.
Cooking Rice and Dal: In a pot, combine the soaked rice and dal with water and milk. Cook until the rice and dal are soft and well-cooked. You can use a pressure cooker for a quicker process.
Prepare Jaggery Syrup: In a separate pan, melt the jaggery with a little water to make a syrup. Strain to remove impurities.
Combine Rice and Jaggery Syrup: Add the jaggery syrup to the cooked rice and dal mixture. Stir well and let it simmer until the Pongal thickens.
Seasoning: In another pan, heat ghee and roast cashews and raisins until golden. Add this to the Pongal mixture.
Flavoring: Add cardamom powder and a pinch of edible camphor for fragrance. If you like, you can also sprinkle grated coconut on top.
Final Touch: Stir well and let it simmer for a few more minutes until it reaches the desired consistency.
Your delicious Pongal is ready to be served. It’s not just a dish; it’s a celebration of life and abundance.
Pooja On the Day
Performing a Pongal pooja is a heartfelt way to express gratitude for the harvest and seek blessings for prosperity. Here’s a simplified guide on how you can conduct the pooja on Thai Pongal:
Items Needed:
Pongal dish in a small pot
Fruits, flowers, and betel leaves
Coconut
Sugarcane
Turmeric and kumkum
Camphor
Incense sticks
Pooja plate
Pooja Procedure:
Cleanse and Decorate: Begin by cleaning the area where you plan to perform the pooja. Decorate it with kolams (rangoli) using rice flour and place the items neatly.
Set Up the Pongal Pot: Place the pot on the stove or in the pooja area.
Ganesh Puja: Begin the pooja by invoking Lord Ganesha. Offer prayers and seek his blessings for a successful Pongal celebration.
Surya Puja: Since Thai Pongal is dedicated to the Sun God, offer prayers to Surya. You can do this by placing a coconut in the pooja plate, applying turmeric and kumkum, and offering flowers.
Pongal Preparation: As the Pongal dish cooks (or after), offer prayers to the pot. You can chant hymns or mantras dedicated to the Sun God or express your gratitude in your own words.
Offerings to God: Place fruits, flowers, and betel leaves in front of the deities. Light incense sticks and offer camphor for aarti.
Sugarcane and Coconut Ritual: Offer sugarcane and a coconut to symbolize the sweetness and purity of the occasion.
Distribution of Prasadam: Once the Pongal is cooked, offer it to the deities, and then distribute it as prasadam to family members and guests.
Closing Prayers: Conclude the pooja with prayers for the well-being of the family and prosperity.
Remember that Pongal may be thousands of years old and traditionally practiced by farming communities, even in the modern era the ground, the Sun and nature as a whole provides us with the essentials. Getting it from a supermarket or shop does not change the fact that our food comes from the generosity of nature.
Adhik Maas, also known as the extra or leap month in the Hindu lunar calendar, is a fascinating and occasionally occurring phenomenon.
Understanding the Hindu Lunar Calendar:
Lunar and Solar Year Discrepancy:
A lunar month is approximately 29.5 days, totaling around 354 days in a lunar year.
A solar year, based on Earth’s orbit around the Sun, is about 365.25 days.
Misalignment Occurs:
Due to the difference in the lengths of the lunar and solar years, the lunar cycles can fall out of sync with the solar year cycle, causing a seasonal misalignment.
Need for Compensation:
To compensate for this misalignment, an extra month, known as Adhik Maas or the leap month, is inserted into the lunar calendar.
Approximate Occurrence:
Adhik Maas occurs approximately every 32.5 months, but the exact timing is influenced by complex astronomical calculations.
Zodiac Sign Determination:
The name of Adhik Maas is determined by the zodiac sign in which it occurs. For example, if it occurs during the sign of Ashwin, it might be referred to as “Adhik Ashwin.”
Lunar Months Alignment:
The addition of Adhik Maas helps align the lunar months with the solar year, ensuring that auspicious occasions and seasons remain in harmony.
Observances and Traditions:
Spiritual Significance: Adhik Maas is considered a spiritually auspicious time for additional religious activities, prayers, and introspection.
Charity and Penance: Many devotees engage in acts of charity, penance, and extra spiritual practices during this month.
The Story of Adhik Maas and Lord Vishnu:
The assignment of Adhik Maas (the extra or leap month) to Lord Vishnu is often associated with a mythological story found in the Puranas, particularly the Padma Purana. While there are variations of the story, the essence remains consistent.
Once, there was a meeting of all the months (masas) and seasons (ritus) in the divine assembly. During this gathering, all the months and seasons praised themselves, boasting about their significance and special qualities.
Adhik Maas, feeling left out and unnoticed, humbly addressed the assembly. Adhik Maas explained that while the other months had distinct qualities, it, being an extra month, didn’t have a specific identity or assigned deity to worship during that time. Feeling compassionate towards him, Lord Vishnu decided to lend his association to this month.
Lord Vishnu declared that during the month of Adhik Maas, devotees could worship him with additional devotion and perform acts of charity, penance, and other virtuous deeds. By Lord Vishnu’s association he ensured that this extra month became an auspicious time for spiritual practices and seeking divine blessings.
The story emphasizes the compassionate nature of Lord Vishnu and how he took Adhik Maas under his protection, assigning it significance in the Hindu calendar. As a result, Adhik Maas is often considered an opportune time for additional prayers, rituals, and acts of devotion to Lord Vishnu.
It’s worth noting that different regions and traditions may have variations in the details of the story, but the overarching theme remains consistent across these narratives.
Observing Adhik Maas
Devotees should engage in additional spiritual practices and virtuous deeds to seek blessings and enhance their spiritual growth. Here are some common practices observed during this auspicious month:
Worshiping of Lord Vishnu:
Devotees focus on worshiping Lord Vishnu with special prayers, hymns, and rituals.
Performing Vishnu Sahasranama (the thousand names of Lord Vishnu) is considered highly auspicious.
Charity and Acts of Kindness:
Acts of charity and kindness are emphasized during Adhik Maas.
Donating to the needy, supporting charitable causes, and helping others are seen as ways to accumulate positive karma.
Fasting and Austerities:
Some devotees choose to observe fasting during Adhik Maas as a form of penance.
Fasting may involve abstaining from certain foods or following a specific diet.
Reading Scriptures:
Devotees often spend time reading and contemplating sacred scriptures, especially those related to Lord Vishnu.
Pilgrimages and Sacred Journeys:
Undertaking pilgrimages to holy places associated with Lord Vishnu is considered spiritually beneficial during Adhik Maas.
Visiting temples dedicated to Lord Vishnu is encouraged.
Satsang and Spiritual Gatherings:
Participating in satsangs (spiritual gatherings) and discussions on spiritual topics is common.
Engaging in conversations about the significance of Adhik Maas and the teachings of Lord Vishnu can be spiritually enriching.
Special Pujas and Rituals:
Performing special pujas and rituals dedicated to Lord Vishnu, such as Abhishekam (ritual bathing of the deity), is practiced.
Lighting lamps and incense, offering flowers, and chanting mantras are integral to these rituals.
Observing Vratas (Vows):
Devotees may take vows (vratas) during Adhik Maas, committing to certain spiritual practices or lifestyle changes.
These vows are seen as a way to strengthen devotion and discipline.
Depending on your region, the way this occasion is observed will vary. Adhik Maas is about spiritual development (of yourself and aiding others) and penance which one needs to keep in mind during this auspicious time.
Annakut Govardhan Pooja is a joyous Hindu occasion that marks the day when Lord Krishna lifted the Govardhan Hill to protect the residents of Vrindavan from the wrath of Lord Indra. The occasion is observed with devotion, elaborate rituals, and the offering of a diverse array of food items to Lord Krishna.
Govardhan Hill, Aanyor, Uttar Pradesh 281502, India
Historical Background
The residents of Vrindavan were preparing to offer elaborate worship to Lord Indra, the god of rain, in gratitude for the bountiful harvest. However, Lord Krishna, wanting to emphasize the worship of nature as a whole, suggested that they worship the Govardhan Hill which provided fertile lands on which they farmed and cows to feed which in turn provided them with milk.
In response to this deviation from the traditional worship of Indra, Lord Indra became furious and unleashed a torrential downpour on Vrindavan. In order to protect the villagers, Lord Krishna lifted the Govardhan Hill on his little finger, providing a massive shelter for the residents and their cattle.
Observance of Govardhan Pooja
Annakut:
The term “Annakut” translates to a mountain of food. Devotees prepare a vast variety of Satvik dishes and arrange them in the shape of a mountain as an offering to Lord Krishna.
Preparing the Hill:
In temples and households, a representation of the Govardhan Hill is created using cow dung, which is then adorned with flowers, leaves, and other decorations.
PoojaRituals:
Elaborate Pooja rituals are conducted with the offering of food, incense, lamps, and flowers to Lord Krishna and the Govardhan Hill.
Artistic Displays:
Intricate artistic displays, known as “Annakut Darshan,” showcase the diverse and colourful array of food items offered to the deity.
Cultural Performances:
Many places organize cultural programs, dances, and dramas depicting the Govardhan Leela (the lifting of the Govardhan Hill) as part of the celebrations.
Significance
Gratitude to Nature:
Govardhan Pooja emphasizes the importance of nature worship and gratitude for the resources provided by the environment.
Teaching of Lord Krishna:
The occasion reinforces the teachings of Lord Krishna, promoting humility, devotion, and the recognition of the divinity in all aspects of life.
Community Spirit:
Govardhan Pooja fosters a sense of community as people come together to prepare and share the elaborate feast.
Conclusion
Annakut Govardhan Pooja is a celebration of devotion, gratitude, and the divine play of Lord Krishna. As the mountain of food symbolizes the abundance of nature, the occasion serves as a reminder to cherish and protect the environment while fostering a deep connection with the divine.
Chitra Pournami is a vibrant celebration that revolves around the beauty and spiritual significance of the full moon in the month of Chaitra. Though not directly originating from specific Vedic scriptures, the festival has evolved over time and is deeply ingrained in Hindu culture.
Observances and Significances:
Purnima Celebrations:
Chitra Pournami is a Purnima, or full moon, day. Devotees take part in special prayers and rituals, bathing in sacred rivers or water bodies to cleanse the body and soul.
Ritualistic Practices:
Devotees offer prayers to various deities and may engage in rituals like puja and meditation to enhance spiritual well-being.
Cultural Events:
Cultural events, processions, and community gatherings are organized to celebrate the festive spirit of Chitra Pournami.
Chitra Nakshatra:
The full moon during Chitra Pournami is associated with the Chitra Nakshatra, which holds significance in Vedic astrology.
Charity and Acts of Kindness:
The day is considered auspicious for acts of charity, helping the less fortunate, and engaging in selfless service.
Vedic Connection
While Chitra Pournami itself may not be directly mentioned in the Vedic scriptures, the month of Chaitra holds significance in various Hindu texts. The Vedic literature, particularly the Rigveda, contains hymns and verses that highlight the importance of the lunar months, emphasizing the connection between the moon, nature, and spiritual practices.
Story and Significance
Chitra Pournami is associated with the deity Chitragupta, who is believed to be the divine accountant and record-keeper of human deeds. While the festival itself may not be directly linked to Chitragupta in detailed mythological narratives, Chitragupta is often worshipped on this auspicious day.
Chitragupta is considered the assistant of Yama, the god of death, and is responsible for maintaining meticulous records of the actions (karma) of every individual throughout their life. It is believed that on Chitra Pournami, devotees express gratitude to Chitragupta and seek his blessings for the purification of their karmic records.
Devotees may perform rituals, prayers, and pujas dedicated to Chitragupta on Chitra Pournami to ensure that their deeds are accurately recorded and that they are on a positive spiritual path. The association with Chitragupta underscores the connection between the occasion and the broader concept of karma, accountability, and the pursuit of righteousness in Hindu philosophy.
Conclusion
Chitra Pournami is a beautiful celebration that resonates with the essence of Hindu spirituality and the universal law of karma. It seeks to educate individuals about their connection to everything around them and consequences of ones action.
Dhan Trayodashi, falling on the thirteenth day of the dark fortnight (Krishna Paksha) in the month of Kartik (October-November), is celebrated with great enthusiasm across Bharat. The term “Dhan” means wealth, and “Trayodashi” refers to the thirteenth day.
Dhan Trayodashi is rooted in various Puranas, particularly the Vishnu Purana and the Skanda Purana. The legend of Dhanvantari and the churning of the ocean is primarily found in the Puranas, and it is a significant narrative associated with the origin of Dhan Trayodashi.
Worship of Lord Dhanvantari
Lord Dhanvantari:
The day begins with the worship of Lord Dhanvantari, the divine healer and the source of Ayurveda, the ancient system of medicine.
Auspicious Timing:
Devotees perform rituals during the auspicious muhurat (timing) associated with Dhan Trayodashi for invoking the blessings of Lord Dhanvantari.
Traditions and Customs
Buying Gold and Utensils:
It is customary to buy gold, silver, or utensils on Dhanteras as a symbol of wealth and prosperity. This practice is believed to bring good fortune throughout the year.
Cleaning and Decorating Homes:
Homes are cleaned and decorated on Dhanteras to welcome Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, on the subsequent days of Diwali.
Customary Gold Jewelry
Legend of Lord Dhanvantari
In the ancient times, the Devas (celestial beings) and Asuras (demons) sought immortality and the elixir of life known as Amrita. To obtain it, they decided to churn the cosmic ocean, an endeavor called Samudra Manthan.
Mount Mandara served as the churning rod, and Vasuki, the serpent, became the rope. As the churning commenced, numerous divine treasures emerged, including the deadly poison Halahala. Lord Shiva intervened and consumed the poison to save the universe, earning him the title Neelakantha.
Amidst the churning, Dhanvantari, the divine physician, appeared holding a pot (kalasha) containing the precious Amrita. His radiant form brought hope and healing to the world.
However, the Devas and Asuras, driven by their desire for Amrita, engaged in a fierce struggle. Realizing the impending danger, Lord Vishnu assumed the enchanting form of Mohini, a celestial enchantress. Mohini gracefully approached both factions and cunningly distributed the Amrita among the Devas, ensuring their victory.
Despite the Devas gaining the Amrita, the emergence of Dhanvantari marked a momentous occasion. Lord Dhanvantari became the source of Ayurveda, the ancient science of medicine, offering remedies and healing to humanity.
The churning of the ocean and the emergence of Dhanvantari exemplify the eternal cosmic dance between positive and negative forces. It underscores the delicate balance that sustains the universe and the divine intervention required to maintain harmony. The legend also emphasizes the significance of seeking knowledge, wisdom, and divine blessings for the overall well-being of life.
Diwali Connection
Diwali Celebration Kickoff:
Dhan Trayodashi marks the beginning of the Diwali, setting the stage for the festivities that follow.
Lighting Lamps:
Lighting lamps and candles on Dhanteras is a common practice, signifying the dispelling of darkness and the ushering in of light and prosperity.
Spiritual Significance
Divine Blessings:
Observing Dhan Trayodashi is considered an opportunity to seek divine blessings for material and spiritual well-being.
Positive Beginnings:
The day is seen as an auspicious time to begin new ventures, investments, and endeavors.
Conclusion
Dhan Trayodashi, with its focus on wealth, health, and prosperity, radiates a spirit of optimism and positive beginnings. It is a time to take account of one’s blessings and removal of ignorance through knowledge so that the celebration of light for Diwali can be truly enjoyed.
Diwali, also known as Deepavali, is one of the most widely celebrated festivals in Hinduism. This festival of lights signifies the triumph of light over darkness, good over evil, and knowledge over ignorance. Diwali is marked by vibrant decorations, family gatherings, and the illumination of countless lamps.
Origins and Legends
Ramayana Connection:
In the ancient kingdom of Ayodhya, a tale unfolded, echoing through time. The righteous Prince Rama, exiled to the forest by a twist of fate, embarked on a journey that would shape the destiny of gods and mortals.
Rama, accompanied by his devoted wife Sita and loyal brother Lakshmana, faced trials and tribulations during their exile. Yet, it was the abduction of Sita by the demon king Ravana that set the stage for an epic confrontation between good and evil.
In the depths of Lanka, Rama forged alliances with Hanuman, the mighty monkey god, and an army of devoted monkeys. The battleground trembled as the forces clashed in a war of righteousness against tyranny.
Ravana, the embodiment of darkness, met his match in Rama. The triumph of dharma echoed through the battlefield as Ravana fell, defeated by the forces of light.
As the victorious Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana prepared to return to Ayodhya, the news of their impending arrival spread like wildfire. The people, overjoyed at the return of their rightful prince, transformed Ayodhya into a city of lights.
Lamps adorned every corner, casting a warm glow that reflected the jubilation in the hearts of the citizens. The air was filled with the sweet fragrance of incense, and the city resonated with the melodious sounds of celebration.
The night Rama arrived in Ayodhya was a spectacle of brilliance. Countless lamps, candles, and diyas illuminated the city, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness, good over evil.
Diwali, the festival of lights, was born from this radiant return. It became a time for people to recreate the joyous scenes of Ayodhya, lighting lamps to guide the triumphant prince home and celebrating the victory of righteousness.
The story of Rama’s return and the ensuing Diwali celebrations continue to be shared through generations. In every lit diya and echoing chant of “Jai Shri Ram,” the spirit of triumph, virtue, and the eternal battle against darkness is remembered and celebrated.
Diwali remains a testament to the enduring power of light and the victory of good (Dharma) over evil (Adharma), echoing the ageless tale of Prince Rama and the city that welcomed him back with a luminous embrace.
Krishna and Narakasura:
In some regions, Diwali is linked to the legend of Lord Krishna defeating the demon Narakasura, liberating the imprisoned princesses, and restoring justice.
As told in the Bhagavata Purana, In the city of Pragjyotisha, a formidable demon named Narakasura held sway, spreading darkness and terror. His tyranny knew no bounds, and even the heavens trembled at his might. The gods, unable to endure his oppression, sought divine intervention.
Amidst the celestial realms, Lord Krishna, the eighth avatar of Lord Vishnu, heard the pleas of the distressed gods. With a determination to vanquish the forces of evil, Krishna set forth on a mission to confront Narakasura.
Krishna’s Journey
Guided by his divine purpose, Krishna embarked on a celestial chariot, accompanied by his consort Satyabhama. As they approached Pragjyotisha, a fierce battle ensued between Krishna and Narakasura’s formidable forces.
The confrontation between the divine and the demonic was relentless, but Krishna, with his unparalleled strength and divine prowess, emerged victorious. In a decisive moment, he slew Narakasura, freeing the world from the shackles of darkness.
Liberation of Imprisoned Maidens
As Narakasura met his end, the shackles that bound thousands of captive maidens were shattered. Krishna, in his benevolence, ensured their freedom, liberating them from the demon’s captivity.
Satyabhama’s Role
During the battle, Satyabhama, Krishna’s consort, played a pivotal role. Her valour and unwavering support added a unique dimension to the victory. In gratitude, Narakasura’s dying moments were blessed by Satyabhama, signifying the transformative power of divine grace.
Diwali’s Radiance
The triumphant return of Krishna to his abode in Dwarka marked the genesis of Diwali celebrations. The people, overjoyed at the defeat of Narakasura and the liberation of the imprisoned maidens, illuminated the city with lamps and candles.
The radiant glow of these lights symbolized the triumph of good over evil, the dispelling of darkness, and the dawn of a new era. In gratitude for Krishna’s divine intervention, people celebrated Diwali by adorning their homes with lights, expressing joy, and reinforcing the victory of righteousness.
The connection between Krishna, Narakasura, and Diwali serves as a profound reminder of the eternal struggle between dharma and adharma, where divine intervention brings forth light, liberation, and the triumph of righteousness.
Goddess Lakshmi’s Birth:
In Hindu legend, the story of Goddess Lakshmi’s birth is intricately woven, and its significance is beautifully intertwined with the celebration of Diwali.
The Churning of the Cosmic Ocean (Samudra Manthan)
The celestial saga begins with the Devas (celestial beings) and Asuras (demons) joining forces to churn the cosmic ocean (Samudra Manthan) in pursuit of the nectar of immortality, known as Amrita.
Emergence of Goddess Lakshmi
As the churning reached its zenith, numerous divine treasures and beings surfaced. However, the most radiant and auspicious of them all was Goddess Lakshmi, adorned in resplendent attire, emerging gracefully from the ocean holding a lotus.
Her Radiant Appearance
Goddess Lakshmi’s presence illuminated the cosmos. Her beauty, grace, and aura of abundance captivated the divine assembly. The lotus in her hand symbolized purity, enlightenment, and the potential for blossoming amid challenging conditions.
Marriage to Lord Vishnu
Witnessing her divine radiance, both Devas and Asuras sought the privilege of having Goddess Lakshmi by their side. However, Lakshmi chose Lord Vishnu as her eternal consort, recognizing his divine virtues, compassion, and commitment to righteousness.
Celebration of Diwali
The day of Goddess Lakshmi’s emergence from the cosmic ocean is celebrated as Diwali, marking the triumph of light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance, and prosperity over adversity.
Goddess Lakshmi’s birth is a radiant chapter in Hindu legends, and Diwali serves as a joyous celebration of her divine appearance. The festival becomes a time for reflection, gratitude, and the acknowledgment of the auspicious qualities she embodies, enriching the lives of those who welcome her with open hearts.
Traditional Diwali Celebrations
Cleaning and Decorating Homes:
Weeks before Diwali, families clean and decorate their homes to welcome Goddess Lakshmi.
Rangoli and Decorations:
Colourful rangoli designs are created at doorsteps, and homes are adorned with lights, candles, and diyas.
Pooja and Worship:
Diwali is a time for special poojas and prayers. Devotees worship Goddess Lakshmi, Lord Ganesha, and other deities for wealth, prosperity, and well-being.
Lakshmi Pooja:
On the main Diwali day, a special Lakshmi Pooja is performed. Devotees light oil lamps, offer sweets and flowers, and seek the blessings of Goddess Lakshmi.
Diwali Traditions
Exchanging Gifts:
Families and friends exchange gifts and sweets as a gesture of love and goodwill.
New Clothes:
Wearing new clothes symbolizes a fresh start and the celebration of new beginnings.
Fireworks and Crackers:
Fireworks are a traditional part of Diwali, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness.
Symbolism
Light and Knowledge:
The lighting of lamps signifies the dispelling of darkness and the pursuit of knowledge.
Family and Unity:
Diwali emphasizes family bonds and the importance of unity, bringing people together in celebration.
Conclusion
Diwali, with its richness of lights, legends, and poojas, encapsulates the essence of joy, prosperity, and the eternal triumph of good over evil and dharma over adharma. It is a time for reflection, gratitude, and the celebration of the divine spark within each individual.
In the supreme realm of Sanatan Dharma, the ancient religion that forms the foundation of Hinduism, Ekadashi holds a sacred place. This significant ritual of fasting carries deep spiritual meaning and is observed on the 11th day of each Hindu lunar fortnight. By abstaining from food and performing various religious activities during Ekadashi, devotees seek spiritual purification, divine blessings, and eternal salvation.
Ekadashi holds immense significance for Hindus worldwide, serving as a day to reconnect with the divine and achieve spiritual growth. The word “Ekadashi” itself translates to “eleventh day” in Sanskrit, highlighting the importance of this observance within the Hindu calendar.
In this article, we will delve deep into the ritual of Ekadashi, exploring its origins, customs, and the various ways it is observed across different regions of India. We will also uncover the spiritual significance and the benefits associated with this sacred day of fasting.
Embark on this spiritual journey as we unravel the profound significance of Ekadashi in Sanatan Dharma.
Ekadashi in Hindu Scriptures
The two Puranas most commonly referenced for information on Ekadashi are the “Bhagavata Purana” and the “Padma Purana.”
Bhagavata Purana:
The Bhagavata Purana, also known as the Srimad Bhagavatam, is a revered scripture in Vaishnavism that narrates the life and teachings of Lord Krishna. Within this Purana, specific chapters discuss the significance of Ekadashi, its observances, and the spiritual benefits of fasting on these days.
Padma Purana:
The Padma Purana is another Purana that provides detailed information about Ekadashi. It contains conversations between Sage Pulastya and Bhishma, where the significance and observance of Ekadashi are elaborated upon.
The Spiritual and Religious Significance of Ekadashi Fasting
Ekadashi fasting is deeply rooted in the spiritual and religious beliefs of Sanatan Dharma. It is believed that observing this sacred ritual can purify the mind, body, and soul, and bring devotees closer to the divine.
The fast is seen as an act of devotion and surrender to the supreme power, with the aim of seeking spiritual enlightenment and liberation.
During Ekadashi, devotees abstain from consuming grains, beans, and certain spices. Instead, they partake in a sattvic diet that includes fruits, vegetables, milk, and nuts. By following this dietary restriction, it is believed that devotees can attain a state of purity and clarity, enabling them to connect with the divine energy on a deeper level.
Ekadashi History and Reference In The Vedas
The roots of Ekadashi can be traced back to ancient times, with references to this sacred observance found in the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. The Rigveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda all mention the importance of fasting on Ekadashi as a means of spiritual purification and self-discipline.
According to ancient texts, it is believed that Lord Vishnu, the preserver and protector of the universe, rests and rejuvenates on Ekadashi. Devotees believe that by observing this fast, they can attain blessings from Lord Vishnu and receive his divine grace. This belief is deeply ingrained in the Hindu faith and has been passed down through generations.
How To Observe Ekadashi Fasting in Sanatan Dharma
Observing Ekadashi fasting requires devotion, discipline, and adherence to certain rituals. The fasting begins at sunrise on the 11th day of the lunar fortnight and ends at sunrise on the following day. Devotees abstain from consuming food and water during this period, dedicating themselves to prayer, meditation, and other religious activities.
The day preceding Ekadashi, known as Dashami, is often spent in preparation. Devotees cleanse their homes and themselves, purifying their surroundings and their bodies. They also engage in acts of charity, offering food, clothes, and other essentials to the less fortunate, as a way of seeking blessings and expressing gratitude.
On the day of Ekadashi, devotees wake up early and take a ritual bath before beginning their fast. They visit temples and perform puja (worship) to Lord Vishnu, offering flowers, incense, and prayers. Many also engage in chanting sacred mantras and reading scriptures, seeking spiritual enlightenment and divine blessings.
Understanding The Science Behind Ekadashi Fasting
While Ekadashi is primarily a religious observance, it also has scientific significance. Fasting has been practiced for centuries across different cultures and religions, and modern science has shed light on its numerous health benefits. When practiced correctly, Ekadashi fasting can have a positive impact on both the body and the mind.
During a fast, the body undergoes a process called autophagy, where it breaks down and recycles damaged cells and proteins. This cellular cleansing can help improve overall health and boost the immune system. Fasting also promotes insulin sensitivity, which can be beneficial for those with diabetes or metabolic disorders.
Additionally, Ekadashi fasting provides an opportunity for the digestive system to rest and recover. By giving the body a break from digesting heavy foods, it can focus on repairing and rejuvenating itself. This can lead to improved digestion, increased energy levels, and enhanced mental clarity.
Ekadashi Fasting and Its Health Benefits
In addition to the spiritual and mental benefits, Ekadashi fasting offers numerous health benefits. It is believed to detoxify the body, removing toxins and promoting overall well-being. The sattvic diet followed during Ekadashi, which consists of fresh fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, provides essential nutrients while being light on the digestive system.
The restriction of certain foods during Ekadashi, such as grains and beans, can also have specific health benefits. These foods are often high in phytic acid, which can interfere with nutrient absorption. By avoiding them during the fast, devotees can improve nutrient assimilation and promote better overall health.
Furthermore, Ekadashi fasting can help in weight management and promote a healthy metabolism. By limiting calorie intake and practicing portion control, devotees can achieve a healthier body weight and maintain it in the long run. This can contribute to a reduced risk of obesity-related diseases and improved cardiovascular health.
Different Types of Ekadashi Fasting and Their Rituals
Ekadashi fasting is not a one-size-fits-all practice. There are different types of Ekadashi fasting, each with its own rituals and significance. The two most prominent types are Nirjala Ekadashi and Pandava Ekadashi.
Nirjala Ekadashi, also known as Bhima Ekadashi, is observed without consuming food or water for the entire duration of the fast. This is considered the most austere form of Ekadashi fasting and requires immense dedication and self-control. Devotees believe that by observing this fast, they can attain the same spiritual benefits as observing all Ekadashis throughout the year.
Pandava Ekadashi, on the other hand, allows devotees to consume water and fruits during the fasting period. This form of Ekadashi fasting is considered less strict but still holds significant spiritual and religious importance. Devotees believe that by observing this fast, they can receive blessings from the Pandavas, the heroic figures from the epic Mahabharata.
Common Myths and Misconceptions About Ekadashi Fasting
Like any religious observance, Ekadashi fasting is surrounded by various myths and misconceptions. One common misconception is that fasting on Ekadashi is solely for the purpose of appeasing Lord Vishnu and seeking his blessings. While seeking divine grace is an integral part of the fast, Ekadashi is also an opportunity for devotees to reflect on their actions, practice self-discipline, and cultivate inner virtues.
Another myth is that breaking the fast before the designated time can result in negative consequences or the loss of spiritual benefits. While it is ideal to complete the fast as per the prescribed timing, circumstances may arise where one needs to break the fast due to health reasons or other unavoidable situations. The most important aspect of Ekadashi fasting is the intention and devotion with which it is observed.
Ekadashi Fasting Recipes and Meal Ideas
Preparing meals during Ekadashi can be a delightful and creative experience. While grains and beans are avoided, there are numerous delicious and nutritious options available. Some popular Ekadashi recipes include fruit salads, vegetable stir-fries, yogurt-based dishes, and dry fruit desserts.
Fruit salads are a refreshing option, combining a variety of seasonal fruits to create a colourful and nutritious meal. Vegetable stir-fries can be made with a combination of vegetables, spices, and herbs, providing a wholesome and flavourful dish. Yogurt-based dishes, such as raita or lassi, offer a cooling and nutritious element to the meal. Dry fruit desserts, like dates and nuts, can serve as a satisfying and nutrient-dense treat.
Tips For a Successful Ekadashi Fasting Experience
Observing Ekadashi fasting can be a transformative and rewarding experience. Here are a few tips to make your Ekadashi fasting journey more fulfilling:
1. Plan ahead: Prepare your meals and ingredients in advance to ensure a smooth fasting experience. Stock up on fruits, vegetables, and other fasting-friendly foods.
2. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water and herbal teas to stay hydrated during the fasting period. This will help maintain energy levels and prevent dehydration.
3. Practice self-reflection: Use the fasting period to reflect on your actions, thoughts, and emotions. This can be a time for self-improvement and personal growth.
4. Engage in spiritual practices: Spend time in prayer, meditation, or reading religious texts. Connect with the divine and seek spiritual enlightenment.
5. Seek support: Share your fasting journey with like-minded individuals or a community. This can provide encouragement and strengthen your resolve.
Conclusion
Embracing the spiritual and physical benefits of Ekadashi
Ekadashi fasting is a sacred ritual that holds immense significance in Sanatan Dharma. By observing this fast, devotees seek spiritual purification, divine blessings, and eternal salvation. It is a time for self-discipline, introspection, and devotion to the divine.
Beyond its religious and spiritual significance, Ekadashi fasting also offers numerous health benefits. From detoxifying the body to promoting weight management and improved digestion, Ekadashi fasting can contribute to overall well-being.
As you embark on the journey of Ekadashi, may you find solace, spiritual growth, and a deeper connection with the divine. Let the observance of Ekadashi fasting bring you the peace and blessings you seek on your path to enlightenment.
Holika Dahan, also known as Choti Holi or the Festival of Bonfires, is a vibrant Hindu celebration observed on the night before Holi, the Festival of Colors. This ancient festival holds deep cultural and mythological significance, offering a spectacle of fire, rituals, and joyous festivities.
Date and Timing
Holika Dahan usually takes place on the night of the full moon during the Hindu month of Phalguna, which typically falls in February or March. The ritual is performed after sunset, and the bonfire symbolizes the victory of virtue over vice.
Mythological Roots
The origins of Holika Dahan can be traced back to Hindu mythology, particularly the legend of Prahlad and Holika. Prahlad, a devotee of Lord Vishnu, resisted his father Hiranyakashipu’s oppressive rule and refused to worship him. Enraged, Hiranyakashipu sought to eliminate Prahlad with the help of his demoness sister, Holika. However, divine intervention turned the tables, and Holika was consumed by the fire meant to harm Prahlad. This story signifies the triumph of devotion and righteousness over malevolence.
Rituals and Traditions
Building the Bonfire: Families and communities gather wood and combustible materials to build a bonfire. This pyre symbolizes the burning of Holika and the triumph of good over evil.
Holika Effigy: In some regions, an effigy of Holika is placed on the pyre, and people take turns circling the bonfire, singing hymns, and performing rituals.
Offerings and Prayers: Devotees make offerings to the fire, including grains, coconut, and other symbolic items. Prayers are offered for the well-being of loved ones and the eradication of evil forces.
Traditional Food: It is common for families to prepare special dishes for Holika Dahan, symbolizing the celebration of good fortune.
Regional Variations
Holika Dahan is celebrated with unique regional customs. In some places, people take a holy dip in rivers before attending the bonfire, while others engage in cultural performances and rituals specific to their community.
Significance in Modern Context
Beyond its mythological roots, Holika Dahan remains a festival that fosters unity, joy, and the triumph of good over evil. It is a time for families and communities to come together, strengthen bonds, and rejoice in the spirit of Holi.
Conclusion
Holika Dahan, with its rich history and vibrant traditions, offers a unique blend of cultural and spiritual significance. As the flames of the bonfire rise high, they carry with them the timeless message of hope, righteousness, and the eternal victory of light over darkness.
Maha Shivaratri, translated as the “Great Night of Shiva” or “A great night of auspiciousness” is a Hindu occasion observed in reverence to Lord Shiva. Falling on the 14th night of the dark fortnight in the Hindu month of Phalguna (usually February or March), Maha Shivaratri is a time of spiritual awakening, devotion, and renewal.
Origin and Significance
The origin of Maha Shivaratri is rooted in Hindu legends, including:
Samudra Manthan: During the churning of the cosmic ocean (Samudra Manthan), a pot of poison emerged. To save the world from its destructive effects, Lord Shiva consumed the poison. The night he performed this act is believed to be Maha Shivaratri.
Wedding of Lord Shiva and Parvati: Another legend suggests that Maha Shivaratri commemorates the day when Lord Shiva married Goddess Parvati.
The Night of Vigil: It is also believed that Lord Shiva performs the celestial dance of Tandava on this night, symbolizing the cosmic cycles of creation, preservation, and destruction.
Depending on your perspective these could all be the same or totally different stories to behold. One thing is certain is that Lord Shiva performed an act that extended himself through the cosmos and this day. If we are devoted enough, chant and meditate, we will be able to witness this union to enlighten ourselves.
Scriptural References
Maha Shivaratri is mentioned in several Hindu scriptures, including:
Shiva Purana: This Purana contains detailed descriptions of the significance of Maha Shivaratri and the rituals associated with it.
Linga Purana: The Linga Purana emphasizes the importance of worshipping the Shiva Linga on Maha Shivaratri for spiritual upliftment.
Rituals and Observances
Nightlong Vigil (Jagran): Devotees observe a nightlong vigil, engaging in prayers, chanting of sacred hymns, and meditation to seek the blessings of Lord Shiva.
Abhishekam: Ritualistic bathing of the Shiva Linga with milk, water, honey, and other sacred substances, symbolizing purification and devotion.
Offerings: Devotees offer Bilva leaves, fruits, and other items to Lord Shiva. Fasting and the consumption of fruits and milk are common practices.
Shiva Tandava: In some places, traditional dances, particularly the Tandava dance associated with Lord Shiva, are performed as a form of devotion.
Cultural Significance
Renewal and Spiritual Awakening: Maha Shivaratri is seen as a night of spiritual awakening, where devotees seek to transcend darkness and ignorance, embracing the divine light of consciousness.
Unity in Diversity: The occasion transcends regional and cultural boundaries, with devotees from various sects coming together to worship Lord Shiva.
Conclusion
Maha Shivaratri is a profound and spiritually charged event that transcends time and space, inviting devotees to partake in the divine omnipresence of Lord Shiva. As the night unfolds in prayers, rituals, and introspection, Maha Shivaratri serves as a reminder of the eternal cycle of life, death, and rebirth.
Masi Magham is a significant occasion observed in the Tamil month of Masi, which typically falls between February and March. It holds cultural and spiritual importance among Tamil Hindus and is often associated with sacred baths in rivers or water bodies during the Magham star.
Origin and Mythological Significance
Samudra Manthan:
The story of Samudra Manthan is found in various Hindu scriptures, including the Puranas like the Bhagavata Purana and Vishnu Purana. According to the legend, the Devas (celestial beings) and Asuras (demons) joined forces to churn the ocean (Samudra) in search of the nectar of immortality, known as “amrita.”
To churn the ocean, they used Mount Mandara as the churning rod and Vasuki, the serpent, as the rope. The process was arduous and led to the emergence of various divine and mystical elements, including the goddess Lakshmi, the celestial cow Kamadhenu, the elephant Airavata, and finally, the pot of amrita.
Masi Magham Connection
Masi Magham is associated with the Magham star, which is believed to have shone brightly during the auspicious time when the nectar (amrita) emerged from the churning of the cosmic ocean. This celestial alignment adds a special significance to the day, emphasizing the connection between the cosmic events and the auspicious timing of Masi Magham.
The event is deeply embedded in the cultural fabric of Hinduism, drawing inspiration from the broader narratives found in the Puranas.
Observances and Rituals
Sacred Baths: Devotees gather at holy rivers, lakes, or seashores to take a dip during Masi Magham. The belief is that bathing during this time purifies the body and soul.
Prayers and Pujas: Temples dedicated to various deities witness special pujas and prayers during Masi Magham. Devotees visit these temples to seek blessings and participate in the spiritual atmosphere.
Donations and Charity: Acts of charity, known as “dana,” are considered auspicious during Masi Magham. Devotees often donate to the needy, perform rituals, and engage in philanthropic activities.
Ritual Observances: Some devotees observe fasts or follow specific rituals on Masi Magham to enhance their spiritual practices. It is a time for reflection and reaffirmation of one’s commitment to dharma.
Community Celebrations
Masi Magham is not only a time for personal spiritual practices but also a community celebration. Processions, cultural events, and festivities often take place, creating a sense of unity and joy among the people.
Conclusion
Masi Magham cultural significance, provides a unique blend of spiritual devotion and communal celebration. It is a time for purification, reflection, and acts of kindness that resonate with the broader Hindu philosophy of leading a righteous and fulfilling life.
Thai Poosam, an auspicious occasion celebrated by millions of Hindus, primarily Tamilians, is a poignant expression of devotion and spiritual fervour.
Date and Occurrence
It is celebrated on the full moon day in the Tamil month of Thai, which typically falls between January and February in the Gregorian calendar. The bright full moon is considered significant in various Hindu traditions, symbolizing purity, and spiritual illumination. During Thai Poosam, the full moon’s radiance is embraced as devotees engage in prayers, penance, and the vibrant Kavadi Attam ritual in honour of Lord Muruga.
Lord Muruga and the Legend
Central to Thai Poosam is the worship of Lord Muruga, also known as Kartikeya or Skanda. According to legends, Lord Muruga is the son of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. Thai Poosam commemorates the occasion when Goddess Parvati gifted her son, Muruga, a divine spear or “vel” to vanquish the demon Tarakasura.
Spiritual Significance
Thai Poosam is a time of intense spiritual practices, including fasting, prayers, and penance. Devotees believe that observing these rituals during this auspicious period brings about purification of the mind and soul.
Kavadi Attam
One of the most visually stunning aspects of Thai Poosam is the Kavadi Attam, a ritual dance performed by devotees. The word “Kavadi” refers to a ceremonial offering, often a decorated structure carried on the shoulders, adorned with flowers, peacock feathers, and other symbolic items.
Often devotees, after preparing their bodies, pierce their skin with hooks, needles and spikes on which these structures are carried or pulled to show their deep devotion, discipline and sacrifice in honour of Lord Muruga.
Penance and Vows
Devotees take vows and make personal sacrifices during Thai Poosam. This may include observing a strict fast, walking barefoot to the temple, or carrying the Kavadi. These acts of penance are seen as acts of devotion and gratitude towards Lord Muruga.
Temple Celebrations
Thai Poosam is widely celebrated in temples dedicated to Lord Muruga. Elaborate processions, special pujas, and cultural events take place during this time. The atmosphere is charged with spiritual energy as devotees come together to celebrate their faith.
Conclusion
Thai Poosam stands as a testament to the enduring devotion of Tamil Hindus and the rich cultural and religious heritage. It is an occasion that not only honours the divine victory of Lord Muruga but also serves as a profound expression of faith, sacrifice, and community spirit.
Through the rituals, dances, and fervent prayers, Thai Poosam continues to captivate the hearts and minds of all those who partake in its sacred observance. May the vel of Lord Muruga guide us all on the path of righteousness and devotion.
Vasanth Panchami, also known as Saraswati Puja, is a joyous Hindu festival that heralds the arrival of spring. Celebrated on the fifth day (Panchami) of the Hindu month of Magha, which usually falls in January or February, this festival is dedicated to Goddess Saraswati, the embodiment of knowledge, music, and arts.
Significance and Symbolism
Celebrating Spring: Vasanth Panchami marks the onset of the spring season, a time when nature awakens, and the landscapes are painted with vibrant colours.
Goddess Saraswati: The primary focus of the festival is on Goddess Saraswati, the divine patroness of learning, wisdom, and creativity. Devotees seek her blessings for knowledge, artistic pursuits, and academic success.
Rituals and Observances
Worship of Goddess Saraswati: Devotees set up elaborate puja altars dedicated to Saraswati, adorned with books, musical instruments, and art materials. The goddess is worshipped with flowers, incense, and special prayers.
Saraswati Puja: Schools, colleges, and educational institutions organize Saraswati Puja, where students place their books and instruments in front of the goddess, seeking her blessings for academic excellence.
Yellow Attire: Yellow is the predominant colour of Vasanth Panchami, symbolizing the vibrancy of spring. Devotees often dress in yellow attire and offer yellow flowers to Goddess Saraswati.
Cultural Celebrations
Kite Flying: In some regions, kite flying is a popular tradition during Vasanth Panchami. The sky is adorned with colourful kites, adding to the festive spirit.
Cultural Events: Many places organize cultural events, music concerts, and dance performances to celebrate the arts and creativity associated with Saraswati.
In Schools and Educational Institutions
Special Pujas: Educational institutions conduct special pujas and ceremonies dedicated to Saraswati, emphasizing the importance of knowledge and learning.
Literary Events: Schools often organize literary events, poetry readings, and competitions to encourage and showcase students’ talents.
Conclusion
Vasanth Panchami is a celebration of nature’s rejuvenation, artistic pursuits, and the pursuit of knowledge. As the festival paints the world in the hues of spring, it also inspires individuals to embrace wisdom, creativity, and the blooming possibilities that the season brings.
The Gujarati New Year, also known as Bestu Varas or Nutan Varsh, is celebrated with enthusiasm and joy in the state of Gujarat, India. It is observed on the first day of the month of Kartik in the Hindu calendar, which usually falls in October or November of the Gregorian calendar.
Calculation of Gujarati New Year
The Gujarati New Year is calculated based on the lunar calendar, specifically the Vikram Samvat, which is the traditional Hindu calendar used in Gujarat.
The date is determined by the position of the moon and is observed on the first day of the bright fortnight (Shukla Paksha) in the month of Kartik. The celebration marks the end of the Diwali festival and the beginning of a new lunar year.
Differences from the Hindu New Year
While the Gujarati New Year is a regional variation, it is still part of the larger Hindu New Year celebrations. The differences often lie in the specific rituals, traditional foods, and customs associated with each regional New Year celebration.
In essence, both the Gujarati New Year and the Hindu New Year share the common theme of new beginnings, prosperity, and the renewal of spiritual and material aspects of life.
Vikram Samvat Calendar History
The saga of Vikram Samvat commences with the birth of the legendary King Vikramaditya, an exemplary ruler known for his valor, wisdom, and unwavering commitment to justice. As the kingdom prospered under Vikramaditya’s rule, a formidable threat arose from the West, the Sakas, invaders who sought to challenge the stability of the realm.
The Battle of Ujjain
Undaunted by the impending peril, King Vikramaditya confronted the Sakas in the pivotal Battle of Ujjain. This epic clash, marked by strategic brilliance, showcased the king’s exceptional courage and leadership. Emerging victorious, Vikramaditya’s triumph over the Sakas became a turning point in the kingdom’s history, shaping the destiny of his reign.
The Vikram Samvat Era Begins
In jubilation of this historic victory, King Vikramaditya initiated the Vikram Samvat era, an epoch that marked not only a chronological reference but also a symbol of resilience and triumph. Dated to 58 BCE, Vikram Samvat became a testament to the indomitable spirit of its namesake, celebrating the victory of light over darkness.
Symbol of Valor and Wisdom
Vikram Samvat stands as a lasting symbol of King Vikramaditya’s valor and wisdom. Its legacy extends beyond a mere calendar, resonating in cultural and religious practices that celebrate resilience in the face of adversity. Over time, the triumph of light over darkness, mirrored in Vikramaditya’s victory, found expression in various festivals embedded in the Vikram Samvat calendar.
Vikram Samvat in the Hindu Calendar
Vikram Samvat is a luni-solar calendar intricately weaving together lunar months and solar years, a reflection of the cyclical nature of time. Its significance peaks during the Hindu New Year, marked by Chaitra Shukla Pratipada, a time of renewal, growth, and spiritual rejuvenation.
The Eternal Journey Continues:
Vikram Samvat’s timeless lessons of courage, resilience, and the triumph of the human spirit continue to inspire generations. No longer confined to a historical narrative, Vikram Samvat has evolved into a cultural thread, connecting past victories to present celebrations, a testament to the enduring spirit of Bharat.
Misconceptions
King Vikramaditya did not create the calendar but was in rule at the time when this calendar was pronounced the official calendar. It was then named after the king for his heroic deeds.
The calendar as not created in 57/56 B.C. The calendar system itself at the time was in use for thousands of years before it was named the Vikram Samvat calendar.
Conclusion
The Gujarati new year being is a time for businesses to close of their previous years accounts and start of new accounts under the blessing of Goddess Luxmi. It’s a time to look ahead for new business opportunities, celebrate the human spirit and create a prosperous community.
Guru Purnima, a sacred Hindu festival, unfolds on the full moon day in the month of Ashadha (June-July). It stands as a beacon of reverence, a day when devotees express gratitude to their Gurus, acknowledging their pivotal role in the journey of enlightenment.
The source of all your spirituality stems from guru.
Historical and Cultural Roots
With roots embedded in the Vedic tradition, Guru Purnima finds its origin in the practice of students paying homage to their Gurus. This festival transcends time, weaving a tapestry that honours the sacred relationship between a disciple and their spiritual guide.
Story of Maharishi Vyasa
Guru Purnima is said to mark the birth anniversary of Maharishi Vyasa, a sage of profound wisdom and the compiler of the Vedas. Vyasa’s legacy, enshrined in the Mahabharata, adds a layer of sacredness to the festival.
Yogic Tradition
In the yogic tradition, Guru Purnima echoes the primal connection with Adiyogi Shiva, regarded as the first Guru. Devotees may delve into yoga and meditation, aligning themselves with the ancient yogic practices that amplify the spiritual journey.
Observing Guru Purnima
Cleansing oneself physically and mentally by bathing early and during the day focus on your preferred mantras and chants of the divine. If possible, attend your local temple gathering and take part in the ceremonies.
Offering seva (charity) to those in need. Look to your local temple to see how you can help.
Offer gifts to your guru as a symbol of your appreciation and patience in taking the time to remove the darkness in your mind.
Seek further knowledge by reading Hindu scriptures.
Conclusion
Observing Guru Purnima is a sacred journey of gratitude, and a commitment to spiritual growth. As the day unfolds, devotees immerse themselves in rituals, satsangs, and acts of service, creating an atmosphere resonant with the divine presence of the Guru.
