Hindu New Year

Hindu Calendar

The Hindu calendar, also known as the Panchang is a combination of lunar and solar influences. It incorporates lunar months and solar years. The lunar months align with the phases of the moon, while the solar year marks the time it takes for the Earth to complete its orbit around the sun.

Structure of the Hindu Calendar

Months (Maasa)

The Hindu calendar comprises twelve lunar months, each with its unique significance. These months follow the waxing and waning of the moon, shaping the ebb and flow of time.

Tithis and Nakshatras

Time is further divided into tithis (lunar days) and nakshatras (lunar mansions or constellations). This intricate division harmonizes with the cosmic rhythms, guiding religious and social practices.

Paksha and Shukla

Each lunar month is divided into two fortnights, known as Paksha. The waxing phase (Shukla Paksha) and the waning phase (Krishna Paksha) mirror the cyclical nature of existence.

The New Year

The Hindu New Year, also called Nav Varsh or Chaitra Shukla Pratipada, marks the commencement of the Chaitra month. Falling in March or April, this day symbolizes new beginnings, growth, and spiritual rejuvenation.

The Twelve Months

  • Chaitra: Commencing the year, Chaitra signifies the onset of spring and is celebrated as the New Year in various regions.
  • Vaishakha: Followed by Vaishakha, associated with the blooming of flowers and agricultural festivities.
  • Jyeshtha: Jyeshtha embodies the peak of summer, marked by the celebration of Ganga Dussehra.
  • Ashadha: Associated with the monsoon season, Ashadha brings the sacred month of Guru Purnima.
  • Shravana: Known for the devout celebration of Raksha Bandhan and the sacred month of Shravan.
  • Bhadrapada: Home to Ganesh Chaturthi, Bhadrapada heralds the worship of Lord Ganesha.
  • Ashwina: Hosting Navaratri, Ashwina ushers in the festival of triumph of good over evil.
  • Kartika: Kartika features the festival of lights, Diwali, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness.
  • Margashira: Associated with the advent of winter, Margashira is a month dedicated to Lord Krishna.
  • Pausha: Marking the winter solstice, Pausha is a month for reflection and spiritual pursuits.
  • Magha: Hosting festivals like Makar Sankranti, Magha signifies the transition to warmer days.
  • Phalguna: Culminating the year, Phalguna brings the vibrancy of Holi, symbolizing the triumph of colors and joy.

Some of the symbolisms of the months are regional while others consistent. As our societies evolve and become modernised, so should our references while keeping their underline lessons and principles.